Biological Systems MCAT Practice Exam

Which type of neuron is characterized by having a single axon and multiple dendrites?

1. Bipolar neuron

2. Unipolar neuron

3. Multipolar neuron

4. Interneuron

The correct answer is: Multipolar neuron

The correct choice is characterized by having several dendrites extending from the cell body and a single axon. This structure allows for the integration of information from multiple sources, enabling the neuron to receive signals from various other neurons or sensory receptors. Multipolar neurons are the most common type of neuron in the central nervous system and are especially critical for functions that require the input from multiple pathways, such as motor functions and complex processing of sensory information. Their multiple dendrites facilitate extensive connections with other neurons, enhancing the processing capacity and communication within neural networks. The other types of neurons differ in their structure: bipolar neurons have one axon and one dendrite, which primarily occurs in sensory pathways; unipolar neurons feature a single process that splits into two branches, typically seen in sensory neurons; and interneurons, while they can be multipolar as well, refer more broadly to neurons that connect other neurons within the central nervous system, without specifying their detailed axonal and dendritic structure. Thus, the unique structure of multipolar neurons plays a crucial role in their functional capabilities.