Biological Systems MCAT Practice Exam

What role does the respiratory zone of the respiratory system primarily serve?

1. Ventilation

2. Exchange of gases such as CO2 and O2

3. Filtration of air

4. Warming and humidifying air

The correct answer is: Exchange of gases such as CO2 and O2

The respiratory zone of the respiratory system serves primarily as the site for the exchange of gases, particularly oxygen and carbon dioxide. This zone includes structures such as the alveoli, where the actual process of gas exchange occurs. During inhalation, oxygen from the air enters the alveoli and diffuses into the blood within the surrounding capillaries. Simultaneously, carbon dioxide from the blood moves into the alveoli to be exhaled. This efficient gas exchange is facilitated by the thin walls of the alveoli and capillaries, allowing for rapid diffusion due to the concentration gradients of the gases. While the other options describe functions relevant to the overall respiratory system, they do not accurately reflect the primary purpose of the respiratory zone. Ventilation pertains more to the mechanical process of moving air in and out of the lungs, filtration relates to the nasal passages and upper airways' role in trapping particles, and warming and humidifying air occurs mainly in the upper respiratory tract before it reaches the lungs. Thus, the primary role of the respiratory zone is specifically focused on the exchange of gases.