Biological Systems MCAT Practice Exam

What is the outermost layer of the skin called?

1. Derma

2. Epidermis

3. Hypodermis

4. Stratum Corneum

The correct answer is: Epidermis

The outermost layer of the skin is called the epidermis. This layer serves as the primary barrier between the body and the external environment, providing protection against physical damage, pathogens, and dehydration. The epidermis is composed mainly of keratinocytes, which produce keratin, a vital protein that enhances the skin's strength and water-resistance. While the stratum corneum, which is part of the epidermis, is the outer layer that consists of dead keratinized cells, the epidermis itself encompasses all the layers of skin that are above the dermis but below the stratum corneum. Therefore, identifying the correct answer as the epidermis recognizes the overall structure of the skin, while acknowledging that the stratum corneum is specifically the most superficial aspect of the epidermis. The other layers, the dermis and hypodermis, are situated beneath the epidermis and play different roles in supporting the skin's structure and function. The dermis houses blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissues, while the hypodermis serves as a cushion and stores fat. Thus, understanding the structure of the skin and the specific designation of each layer emphasizes why the epidermis is correctly identified as the outermost layer.